A Brief History of Car audio and video | Exact Article ...

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The car audio system continues to be influenced by so much in the last hundred years. As technologies have altered, changed and reformed itself, the car audio system has transformed with it.
The first effect upon the car installation nashville was the radio. Made in the early 1900`s (around the identical time cars become well loved) it but don`t gain commercial reputation until the 1920`s when the first commercial boomed took place. In 1922, a historic day for the car audio system, George Frost was the first person proven to experiment with car radio with his own Ford car. Then within 1925, the first official directory a car radio occurred, which was followed throughout 1927 with the first produced in higher quantities car radio, the Transitone TH-1.
In 1930, two well loved American manufacturer siblings, Paul and Frederick Galvin manufactured the 5T71, that was to be under the manufacturer of ?Motorola`. Across the globe, Germany`s Blaupunkt fixed their first professional car radio inside 1932 and Crossley`s of the British isles started fitting all of them from 1933 onwards.

Getting the club till the 1950`s AM had been the common car radio. In 1952, it was Blaupunkt that introduced the first FM auto radio. Fm listening wasn`t fully well loved or available till no less than a decade later. The actual 1950`s was a time of fantastic change for the mobile entertainment system, as the seek out button was introduced ? a button which is still available on car audio methods today.
The 1960`s noticed tape players turn up on the car audio landscape. Reel to reel tape players had been the first arrival, nevertheless, their bulkiness made sure that they were not to gained popularity. In 1964, Phillips invented the compact cassette and Lear invented the 8 track ink cartridge in competition with this. The 8 track tape made its way into the Fords` 1965 vehicles, but it would not be until finally 1970 that the compact cassette nudged its way into the car.
The actual 1970`s and 80`s saw Radio stations become exceedingly well loved, but, AM radio responded through providing more talks displays and sport routes for its listeners. Car radio had finally widened, giving its fans more freedom associated with preference. In 1982 ? a significant moment occurred ? the actual Compact disc or CD was invented Sony and Phillips, which was to become added in car audio systems in 1984 for the first time. Subsequently to this, CD changers appeared in car audio systems.
Recent years after this, saw CD`s replace the cassette, the Digital video disc and Mp3 getting introduced to the car installation nashville market. In the last several years, we have also utilised Bluetooth technology in order to connect our mobile phones (smart phones) to our car audio program, making it not only helpful for entertainment but for basic reasons too.

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Source: http://www.exactarticle.com/a-brief-history-of-car-audio-and-video.htm

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Source: http://skinnerwaldo63.typepad.com/blog/2012/12/a-brief-history-of-car-audio-and-video-exact-article.html

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Find Military Intelligence And Strategic Security With The AFOSI

There are many intelligence and security agencies within the United States federal government. Many of those agencies are often referred to as "three letter" agencies because of the familiar three letter abbreviations that have come to be so well known, such as CIA and FBI. In addition to the more familiar agencies, the different branches of service have their own intelligence and security agencies.

The United States Air Force, for example, has the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI). The AFOSI is a federal law enforcement and investigative agency that conducts criminal investigations and provides counterintelligence services. In this respect, the AFOSI is like many of the three letter agencies and military intelligence. Indeed, the stated mission of the AFOSI is essentially to identify, exploit, and neutralize criminal, terrorist, and intelligence threats to the Air Force.

To execute its mission AFOSI focuses on threat detection. Threat detection efforts include investigating crimes of espionage, terrorism, and technology transfer and computer infiltration. In addition to threat detection, AFOSI performs a number of other functions such as criminal investigations, economic crime investigations, and cyber crime investigations. Because of its breadth, AFOSI requires a diverse range of professionals who can offer specialized services within the strategic security field. Some of these professionals include technical specialists, polygraph personnel, behavioral scientists, computer scientists, and forensic advisors.

In a sense, AFOSI resembles a little bit of other agencies all put together. For instance, AFOSI has a function similar to the FBI with its criminal investigative and counterintelligence function. The FBI utilizes forensic experts and other professionals to investigate and solve crimes, but the FBI also executes a major counterintelligence function which the AFOSI does as well. The AFOSI resembles the NSA in its cyber threat detection and deflection. The NSA is almost synonymous with cyber functions. The focus AFOSI places on threats from adversaries and terrorists resemble the CIA and DIA. These agencies work to gather useable intelligence about adversaries that can be used by leaders to make decisions. All of these diverse functions come together in the AFOSI.

This one agency underscores the broad nature of the strategic security field and increasing development of counter terrorism careers. As can be seen, AFOSI is not just military intelligence. To the contrary, AFOSI has a broad strategic security mission that spans the spectrum from criminal, counterintelligence, and counter terrorism. Those who work for AFOSI are active duty military, reserve personnel, and civilians. Though military intelligence can certainly be aligned with AFOSI, it does not define it.

Because of the broad mission and diversity of professionals who work for AFOSI, this agency is a source for counter terrorism careers. As can be seen from the discussion above, there are a wealth of possible counter terrorism careers in this agency because of its broad mission. Students trained in counter terrorism, intelligence, or strategic security can find work in these and similar agencies. Students can find this skill set at the few online universities that offer degree programs in strategic security.

Dan Sommer works for Henley-Putnam University, a leading educational institution in the field of Strategic Security. For more info on Henley-Putnam University, military intelligence, strategic security, call 888-852-8746 or visit us online at www.Henley-Putnam.edu

Source: http://articles.submityourarticle.com/find-military-intelligence-and-strategic-security-with-the-afosi-307456

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Setback for U.S. lawyers: Cell phones still aren?t causing cancer

A brand new study published in the prestigious Epidemiology journal shows that mobile phone usage still cannot be linked to gliomas, a broad range of cancerous tumors type that form in the brain or spinal cord. The study used glioma incidence statistics from four Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark) over a 20-year period.

Scandinavia is humanity?s early warning system for a possible mobile phone-related cancer epidemic; mobile phone market penetration soared in Finland and Sweden well before more populous countries like the United States or France. Finland?s mobile phone penetration had already hit 40% in 1997. The universal health care systems in Nordic countries yield some of the most accurate and detailed information about the incidence of various cancer types.

Gliomas are still not becoming more common in Scandinavia, despite more than 15 years of heavy-duty mobile phone use across a range of age groups. Among 20 to 39-year-old women, there is a slight increase of glioma cases. But among men, the number of cases has been declining since late 1980s. ?Epidemiology? has an impact factor of 5.566 and it ranks as the No.4 journal in the category of ?Public, Environmental and Occupational Health.? This effectively trumps all published research papers that have hinted at a link between brain cancer and mobile phone usage.

This latest study effectively rules out a clear-cut increase in brain tumors if the delay in the onset of the disease is 10 years or less. But there is one hope yet for America?s class action lawyers: A slight chance that mobile phone use may cause oncogenesis with an atypically long delay.

There are some rare types of cancers that occur 20 years or later after exposure to the trigger. A tiny possibility of mobile phone usage getting linked to brain cancer still lingers on? and the first signs of danger would be likely to emerge in the major medical research centers of Stockholm, Helsinki and Oslo.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/setback-u-lawyers-cell-phones-still-aren-t-143043328.html

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UN: Over 2 million Afghans at risk this winter

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) ? More than 2 million Afghans are at risk from cold, disease and malnutrition this winter as an international appeal for funds to help one of the world's poorest countries has fallen drastically short of its goal, the United Nations and several humanitarian agencies warned on Wednesday.

Only 48 percent of $448 million that has been requested to help 8.8 million Afghans had been pledged by the end of November, according to the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

Preparations are under way to help Afghans deal with harsh winter conditions, especially 400,000 people who live in some of the most remote mountainous areas of northern and central Afghanistan.

Snow has already covered mountaintops and the first snowfall of the year was forecast for later this week in the Afghan capital, Kabul.

Last year, Afghanistan experienced its coldest winter and heaviest snowfall in more than 15 years.

"People live in remote areas with no access to health facilities," said Mohammad Daim Kakar, director of the Afghan National Disaster Management Authority. "Many people die of pneumonia and measles."

According to the U.N. and other humanitarian agencies working here, 20 of Afghanistan's 34 provinces have high-risk areas where emergency food, fuel and medical supplies are needed.

"I think the events of last year have meant that we need to be prepared and have a response ready," said Mark Bowen, the U.N. humanitarian coordinator for Afghanistan.

Heavy snows and avalanches killed dozens of people in parts of the country last winter, including more than 30 ? many of them children ? who froze to death in Kabul.

The Afghan capital is home to 55 makeshift camps that house more than 30,000 people ? many of them displaced from elsewhere in Afghanistan because of violence.

"If we buy food we will die of the cold. If we don't buy food, we will starve," said Hachilai Khan, a 20-year-old laborer who has made an informal settlement on the outskirts of Kabul his home.

The settlement, made up mainly of Afghan refugees who returned from Pakistan, houses 552 people from 90 families. Most live in mud huts covered with plastic sheeting or tarps. The mud floors are covered with plastic or old carpeting.

To keep warm, residents burn scrap wood and dried animal dung. There is no running water and toilets are trenches dug near the makeshift homes.

"All these residents are vulnerable. They need firewood, clothes, blankets and shelter material," said Rachel Eskrine, who works with the French humanitarian organization Solidarites International.

The needs of these people haven't disappeared, but the money has.

"There is general donor fatigue," said Bowen, the U.N.'s humanitarian coordinator. "And more so, there is also Afghan fatigue."

The Afghan Consolidated Appeal, which was made on behalf of 63 humanitarian agencies for 171 projects around Afghanistan, received just $214 million ? about 48 percent of what it required.

Separately, other donors contributed another $270 million for projects outside the appeal, bringing the total humanitarian commitment for Afghanistan to $484 million, or half the $894 million spent in 2011.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/un-over-2-million-afghans-risk-winter-153205375--finance.html

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The Stoner Channel: Morgan Freeman on Weed, Phil Collins on Tour, and the Filthy Human Condition

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Panetta in Afghanistan ahead of drawdown decision

KABUL (Reuters) - U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta met top commanders in Kabul on Wednesday to finalize options for President Barack Obama on how many troops to keep in Afghanistan after the NATO mission ends in 2014 and the war is declared over.

Panetta has not disclosed how large a force he believes will be needed, but one U.S. official has told Reuters that figures as low as 6,000 U.S. troops were under consideration. President Barack Obama could make a decision in the coming weeks.

General John Allen, the top U.S. and NATO commander in Afghanistan, said before closed door talks that he looked forward to a candid conversation with Panetta. The defense secretary told Allen and other commanders he was trying to "tee up" options for Obama.

"The size of that enduring presence is something that the president is going to be considering over these next few weeks," Panetta told troops in Kuwait earlier in the day before boarding his flight to Kabul.

Panetta, on his fifth trip to Afghanistan as defense secretary, was scheduled to meet Afghan President Hamid Karzai.

Fresh from a re-election victory, Obama has made clear his intention to end the 11-year-old war and bring the vast majority U.S. forces home by the end of 2014.

But his decision is complicated by a still-resilient Taliban and intelligence showing its al Qaeda allies aim to return in larger numbers to Afghanistan. Worries about the capabilities of Afghan security forces have also raised questions about whether they can operate on their own if too many U.S. troops withdraw.

IMPERFECT, WITH WARTS

U.S. Major General Lawrence Nicholson, who runs day to day operations for the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan, acknowledged that Afghan security forces had their share of imperfections but played down concerns about the end-2014 deadline.

A former commander in Iraq, Nicholson praised Afghan forces, who he said were better fighters than the Iraqis.

"What's it going to look like on 1 January, 2015? It will be imperfect. It will be flawed. It will have warts," he said, briefing reporters traveling with Panetta. "But it's going to work."

One factor that might cause the U.S. military to keep more troops in Afghanistan would be the need to supply a big stock of "enablers" for the Afghan forces.

But Nicholson said his goal was to make the Afghan forces self-sufficient, with the exception perhaps of assisting them with close air support.

"Any enablers that we have in the country after 1 January '15 are to be here in support of coalition forces. They'll be here for us," Nicholson said. "We've got 24 months to get this right and we're well on the road."

There are 68,000 U.S. troops in the country, a figure expected to gradually decline over the next two years at a pace that will be decided after the size of the post-2014 mission has been set.

A report released by the Pentagon this week noted a slight rise in Taliban attacks between April and September this year, compared with 2011. But Nicholson said that the number of attacks against the NATO-led force fell 20 percent from October to December.

"I'm not one of those guys who are going to sit here and tell you that the Taliban is defeated, or that they're gone, or going way," Nicholson said. "But it was a tough year for the Taliban."

Panetta noted that the number of so-called insider attacks against U.S. forces by Afghan security forces had declined, from a high of about 12 in August to two in November.

Those attacks, some of which were claimed by the Taliban, were deeply demoralizing and led Allen to revise security protocols and bolster sensitivity training of NATO forces to avoid accidentally provoking their Afghan counterparts.

"So the steps that were put in place to try to deal with that threat I believe have been effective in trying to lower the incidents of insider attacks," he told reporters at the start of this week's trip.

(Editing by David Storey)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-defense-chief-kabul-talks-future-us-presence-112402862.html

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South Asia Masala ? The cell phone: India's society shaker

Posted by southasiamasala in : Doron, Assa, India, Jeffrey, Robin , trackback

Robin Jeffrey and Assa Doron

In a country where one of the ancient texts declares that ?if a Sudra [low-caste person] ? listens in on a Vedic recitation, his ears shall be filled with molten tin?, cheap mobile phones can be explosive (Patrick Olivelle (ed. and trans.), The Dharmas?tras. The Law Codes of Ancient India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 12.1, p. 98). In India between 2000 and 2012, the telephone, and communications generally, have passed from the control of a tiny elite to become the daily experience of the mass of the population.

??????????????? Credit: A Doron

In the year 2000, India had 2 million mobile-phone subscribers. It had 900 million in August 2012, and the cost of a basic phone is as little as a week?s wages for a poor labourer (about INR 500 or SGD 12), and three hours of talk-time can be bought for half a day?s wages. For millions of poor people, a mobile phone has become the first??consumer durable? they have ever owned. In the film The Gods Must Be Crazy, a single Coca-Cola bottle, dropped into a stable society, caused disarray and disruption. The mobile phone is no passive Coke bottle. It?s an interactive, talking, writing, picture-taking, data-keeping, broadcasting trouble-maker ? trouble-maker, at least, if you believe that societies are fine as they are and that change and challenge are problems.

Over the past ten years, the mobile has shaken up politics, business and innumerable aspects of daily life in India.

In politics, the availability for the first time of mobile phones to devoted (but poor) party workers played a major part in the surprise victory of a Dalit-based (formerly ?untouchable?) political party in elections in the vast state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in 2007. (Robin Jeffrey and Assa Doron, ?Mobile-izing: Democracy, Organization and India?s First Mass? Mobile Phone? Elections?, Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 71, no. 1 (February 2012), pp.63-80.) The UP story illustrated the potential and the limitations of technology. Fired-up party workers, coordinated through their mobile phones, made the difference in 2007. But many were disillusioned with the government they put in power; commitment drained away; and their party lost office in the following elections in 2012. It?s the people at the end of the phone who make the difference.

In business and commerce, the mobile has raised high hopes that farmers and fisherfolk will be able to negotiate better prices, avoid middlemen and get fast and reliable information about conditions and practices. Some of that has come to pass, but perhaps more important is the way the mobile phone brings marginalised people into relations with government and institutions.

Most Indians don?t have bank accounts. Organisations like EKO, a mobile phone-based enterprise that provides basic banking services through small shopkeepers, suggest the possibility of bringing bank-account security to tens of millions. That can mean a lot for someone who previously had to hide hard-earned cash on their person or in a tin box in a hut. It can also mean reliable payments from government or employers without interposing paymasters who may demand a slice of a cash payment as a bribe.

In households, mobile phones throw up new questions. Should a bride surrender her mobile phone when she moves into her husband?s home? Some mothers-in-law demand it. And who should be permitted the autonomy that a cell phone provides? ?No love marriages, mobiles or unescorted visits to markets for [women] up to age of 40? proclaimed a local council in a village 45 kilometres from New Delhi (The Hindu, 13 July 2012). Its all-male members were concerned that mobile phones were making the young restless and disobedient.

The ability of the cell phone to turn its owner into a broadcaster provides a new weapon for the weak. CGNet Swara, a media initiative based in central India, (Tehelka, 1 September 2012, 48?9) allows tribal people to report news by phone in their own voices and language. After checking, stories are disseminated by phone to subscribers. English summaries are circulated on the Internet. Local officials now have to be aware that demands for bribes may be recorded and passed on to their superiors or broadcast widely.

The cheap cell phone is not a cure-all for India?s ills. Mobile telephony is controlled by the powerful, and mobile phones can be used to identify and track people. But India?s mobile-phone explosion shakes society and politics more vigorously than anything since the imposition of British rule.

Robin Jeffrey and Assa Doron are the authors of The Great Indian Phone Book: How Cheap Mobile Phones Change Business, Politics and Daily Life, which will be published by C. Hurst in the UK, Hachette in India, and Harvard University Press in North America at the end of 2012.

Source: http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/blogs/southasiamasala/2012/12/11/the-cell-phone-indias-society-shaker/

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